Things You Should Know About Vital Signs

There are four vital signs which are standard in most medical settings:

• Body temperature
• Pulse rate (or heart rate)
• Blood pressure
• Respiratory rate

The tools that necessary to measure these vital sign are thermometer, sphygmomanometer, and watch. Stethoscope sometimes necessary to compute a weak pulse on palpation.

BODY TEMPERATURE

People’s normal body temperature are varies, depending on gender, activity, environment, food consumption, organ disturbance, and time.

Normal body temperature, according to the American Medical Association, can range between 97.8 degrees Fahrenheit, equivalent to 36.5 degrees Celsius to 99 degrees Fahrenheit or 37.2 degrees Celsius.

Person’s body temperature can be taken through:

Policy for leaving root fragments

When a root tip has fracture, closed approaches of tooth removal have been unsuccessful, open approach maybe excessively traumatic, the surgeon may consider leaving the root in place. As with any surgical approach, the surgeon must balance the risk and benefit of surgery.In some situation removing small root tip may outweigh the benefits.

There are three conditions must exist for leaving root fragments:

1.       The root fragment must be small in size, usually no more than 4 to 5 mm

2.       The root must be deeply in embedded in bone (not superficial). This to prevent subsequent bone resorption from exposing tooth root and interfering prosthesis.

3.       The tooth involved must not

Mucous Retention and Extravasation Phenomena (Part 1)

mucocele

Mucocele

Salivary ducts, especially those of the minor salivary glands are occasionally traumatized by lip biting and severed beneath the surface mucosa.
Saliva production may then extravasate beneath the surface mucosa into the soft tissues.

Over time, secretions accumulate within the tissues and produce a pseudocyst (without the epithelial lining) that contains thick, viscous saliva. 

This lession are most common found in the mucous of lower lip, and then second site is in bucal mucosa. This lession known as mucocele.

The patient with mucocele frequently relates a history of the lession filling with fluid, rupture then refilling of these lessions. Many of them regress spontaneously without surgery, but for persistent or recurrent lession usually removed through excision of mucocele and  also removal of the associated minor salivary gland.

Important about mucocele removal:

1. Local anethesia is administered via a mental nerve block, and incision is made through the mucosa

2. Careful dissection around the mucocele may permit its complete removal

3. The regional associated minor salivary gland are removed as well then sent for histopatologic evaluation

4. The recurrence rates of mucoceles may be as high as 15% to 30% after surgical removal, possibly caused   by incomplete removal or repeat trauma of the minor salivary gland.

Dental Health and Wisdom Teeth

Wisdom teeth are the third and final set of molars that most people get in their late teens or early twenties. Sometimes these teeth can be a valuable asset to the mouth when healthy and properly aligned, but more often, they are misaligned and require removal.

Wisdom teeth present potential problems when they are misaligned - they can position themselves horizontally, be angled toward or away from the second molars or be angled inward or outward. Poor alignment of wisdom teeth can crowd or